Unit 4, Script 7 to Exercise 1.0:01
Listen to the dialogues and decide which of the statements are true or false.0:07
Dialogue 1 When were the first computers built?0:15
I think in the middle of the previous century.0:22
Let's look it up in the encyclopedia.0:24
They were built in the 1950s and they were huge.0:31
They filled entire rooms.0:34
How much did they cost then?0:37
Being so big, they were very expensive indeed.0:38
Millions of dollars, not less.0:42
How effectively did they work?0:45
The earliest computers solved less than a thousand problems each second.0:49
For comparison, today the world's fastest computers can solve a million problems in a second.0:54
Computers have really changed a lot since the day they appeared.1:02
They have become smaller, cheaper and faster.1:06
True, and scientists are working to make them even faster.1:09
But most important of all, computers are costing less.1:14
Very small computers cost only a few hundred dollars.1:18
Our biology teacher asked the class a question which no one could answer.1:28
What was the question?1:35
It was about a man called Hippocrates.1:36
Hippocrates of ancient Greece.1:40
He is often called the father of medicine.1:44
Did he invent medicine or medicines?1:48
Even in prehistoric times, there existed people who could cure an illness with a potion of plant juices and do some other things to help a sick person.1:53
But Hippocrates was one of the first proficient doctors.2:03
He tried to rid medicine of magic and make it more scientific.2:09
I think I've heard something about the Hippocratic Oath.2:14
The Hippocratic Oath is a promise to try to save life and follow the standards set in the medical profession.2:20
Was Hippocrates the first man who gave the oath?2:29
This oath was named after him.2:33
Because he taught medical people one very important thing.2:37
He taught them that a doctor's main aim was to help the patient by finding the cause of an illness and treating it.2:41
Hippocrates main ideas are still followed today.2:52
Dialogue 3 they showed a UFO on TV last night.2:59
Do you believe in UFOs?3:06
I think that humans are not the only intelligent life form in the universe.3:08
So you think that aliens visit Earth?3:14
Why don't they come to contact with us then?3:17
I think they don't want to interfere.3:20
They just watch our civilization develop.3:22
It may be one huge experiment.3:26
Why can't scientists prove that aliens and UFOs exist?3:32
Or prove that they don't exist?3:37
I think that aliens, whoever they are, are trying to keep us at a distance.3:39
So they do their best not to give scientists any evidence of their visits.3:43
Shall we never learn the truth?3:48
Ufologists all over the world have become very active.3:52
They use high tech equipment to measure magnetic effects which might be caused by UFOs and track mysterious craft on radar screens.3:56
Where do UFOs come from?4:05
Most ufologists believe that aliens visit Earth from distant galaxies.4:08
No other planet in our solar system can support life, so UFOs must come from planets orbiting another star like our sun.4:12
Human science and technology are not yet advanced enough to find them.4:20
And what will you do if you saw a ufo or if aliens appeared on the doorstep of your house?4:25
I would try to show them that I'm a friend.4:32
Oh, I think I would try to run away.4:36
Anaesthetics are drugs which are among the miracles of modern medicine.4:47
They are real miracles which make it possible for operations to be carried out painlessly.4:53
Before anaesthetics were used, even the most minor operations could be very painful.5:00
You have only to look at early drawings of people having teeth pulled out to realise how lucky we are today.5:07
Before, the only way of deadening the pain of the knife was to get the patient very drunk on alcohol or to use opium.5:15
Today, we could not imagine even a very small operation without anesthetic.5:23
How can modern anaesthetics be given to patients now?5:28
In various ways, by injection or as a gas to breathe.5:32
A general anesthetic makes the patient unconscious.5:37
When a patient gets a local anesthetic, he remains awake but doesn't feel any pain in some part of the body.5:41
Is it true that absolutely different gases are used as anaesthetics?5:49
In recent years, many new anaesthetics gases have been developed.5:56
All have a pleasant smell and ensure that a patient can quickly return to his senses.6:00
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