Number 14, exercise 40B.0:12
Listen to the text Youth movements and prepare an artistic reading following the pattern given in the recording.0:17
Youth Movements Young people are active participants in their own history.0:27
Past generations of radical students have played a part in protests and revolutions against the existing order of society.0:34
A youth movement in this sense has an ideological or political character.0:43
At the same time, ordinary young people usually belong to a youth movement through membership in an adult led voluntary youth organisation such as the Scouts or Guides.0:50
There are also fashion led youth cultures identified by types of dress, music and language.1:03
The term youth movement is so wide that it can refer to punk rockers as well as the Young Conservatives.1:12
The world's first voluntary youth organization was the church based Boys Brigade founded in Glasgow, Scotland in 1883 by William Alexander Smith 1854-1914 and dedicated to religious education and developing the habits of obedience, reverence, discipline, self respect and all1:21
that tends towards a true Christian manliness.1:49
In the 1900s in Germany appeared a movement of middle class students who took up open air tramping.1:54
Richard Schiermann, a German schoolteacher, opened the first Youth Hostel in 1909.2:02
Youth Hostels, providing cheap accommodation for young people are now found in most areas of the world.2:11
In England, Major General Robert Baden Powell founded a uniformed woodcraft movement, the boy scouts in 1908.2:19
Like the boys Brigade, the scout movement has spread around the world.2:35
A sister organisation to the Scouts, the Girl Guide association, founded in 1910, also has a large membership worldwide.2:41
These organisations train boys and girls in various useful skills such as lighting a fire, cooking, fishing and for developing their character.2:51
Scouts traditionally carry a penknife and their motto is Be prepared.3:03
Young people have contributed to mass political movements of both left and right.3:10
In the 1930s there functioned youth fascist organizations in Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany.3:17
After 1933, membership of the Nazi Hitler Youth became compulsory.3:25
In Britain, some young people joined the Black Shirts.3:33
The Austrian Red Falcons were an active 1930s socialist movement.3:37
Soviet Russia had young communist groups, Octobrist, Pioneer and Komsomol, whose aim was political education of young people.3:44
Since World War II, the media have spoken a lot about the activities of various notorious youth cults, thus spreading information about them.3:55
The Teddy boys of the 1950s with their long jackets, velvet collars, drainpipe trousers and crepe sol shoes were the first of the rebellious working class youth cults.4:06
In the early 1960s came new groups such as the Mods, dressed in Italian style clothes and their leather clad rivals the Rockers, associated with motorcycles and rock and roll music.4:21
The hippies of the late 1960s were more middle class.4:36
They experimented with drugs, lived in communities, grew their hair long, and were attracted to radical politics.4:41
Skinheads, combining elements of both mods and rockers, and associated with the racism of the far right, arrived on the scene in the late 1960s.4:51
Punk rockers achieved notoriety through the attention of the media in the late 1970s with their unique Mohican hairstyles, vivid makeup, cast off clothes, and aggressive music.5:03
Several of these youth cultures were recycled in the 1980s.5:17
Клик по слову — перевод и «+ в мои слова» (в любом режиме). Клик по строке или таймкоду — перейти к этому месту записи.