These natural holes in the earth form over thousands or even millions of years.0:34
There are lots of different types of caves, such as ice, sea, limestone, chalk, salt, and even lava caves.0:41
Different caves form in different ways.0:51
For example, limestone caves form as acidic rain dissolves rock.0:55
Sea caves form as ocean waves and heavy rain erode cliffs.1:01
Ice caves form as melting water runs under glaciers or through cracks in the ice.1:07
In many limestone caves, stalactites grow slowly from the ceiling as calcite from dripping water hardens.1:14
As water drips from them, Similar formations called stalagmites grow up from the floor.1:24
When stalactites and stalagmites meet in the middle, they form columns.1:32
Scientists have discovered over 7,700 troglobites so far.1:40
These are unique species of fish, spiders, millipedes, crabs, scorpions, and other creatures that live their whole lives in caves.1:46
They have often adapted to the dark conditions.1:59
Some are blind, but have a great sense of smell.2:03
Others survive for a long time, such as the cave crayfish, which can live for 175 years.2:07
Caving is an adventure sport.2:18
That involves walking, crawling, climbing, abseiling, and even swimming and rafting through caves.2:20
It's popular and a lot of fun.2:27
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