6H Curricula Science Exercise 1, page 119.0:00
Gorillas cats stick out their tongues to show anger, horses rub noses as a sign of affection, and dogs stretch their front legs out in front of them and lower their bodies when they want to play.0:23
Wildlife may not literally speak, but communicate in some pretty amazing ways.0:45
Bees: May I have this dance?0:52
Bees make a series of dance-like movements to communicate the quality and location of food.0:56
If a food source is near the hive, a circular dance is performed.1:02
A tail-wagging dance in a figure-of-eight movement indicates that it is more than 80 meters away.1:07
Plants: Silent Communicators.1:16
It might seem that all plants do is grow leaves and look pretty, but many types of trees and plants send out chemical signals in order to communicate with other trees and plants, and even with animals.1:19
For example, when invaded by caterpillars, corn and cotton plants send chemical messages that attract the caterpillars' worst enemies— wasps.1:34
Various trees also send out warning signals to other trees when attacked by fungi and insects.1:46
Ants: Masters of Organization.1:55
Imagine organizing thousands of people without saying a word.2:00
Ants have up to 20 different chemicals in the many glands in their tiny bodies.2:05
Depending on which chemical they release, they can signal alarm, invite friends to eat, or even organize a military campaign to attack an enemy.2:11
Also, if an ant finds a pile of crumbs, it rubs its antennae and front legs on its neighbour to pass on the good news.2:21
Ants may be small, but they certainly have plenty to say.2:32
Say it with your skin.2:38
This sea animal has the world's best camouflage skills.2:42
Sacks of colour under its skin which are controlled by its nervous system, allow it to change the colour, pattern, and even texture of its skin in seconds when it has something to say.2:46
A zebra pattern on a male cuttlefish, for example, warns other males to stay away.2:59
Cuttlefish put on an amazing display of colours and even lights to attract their prey or hide from predators.3:05
Whatever the message, the cuttlefish says it with quite a show.3:14
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