Unit 1.14, Exercise 3, Page 32.0:01
Have you ever seen bees dancing?0:25
Gorillas sticking out their tongues?0:28
Or horses rubbing noses?0:30
Well, you might be surprised to learn that these are not simply things they do to entertain themselves or visitors at the zoo.0:33
They are actually very important means of communication.0:41
So how exactly do animals use the different senses in order to speak to one another?0:45
The sense of smell is the most basic way in which even the simplest of creatures communicate.0:54
Many animals, including humans, release scents to attract others to them for reproduction, to keep away predators or to attract prey.1:01
Whereas others, such as ants, leave scents to show others where to find food.1:11
Sometimes how these scents are detected is can be quite incredible.1:18
Snakes, for example, use their tongues to pick up scent in the air.1:23
Whereas sharks can detect blood in the ocean about one mile away.1:28
Many animals make wide use of body language in order to get their message across.1:36
A female rabbit, for example, shows the white underside of her tail to to tell her young to follow her to the safety of the burrow.1:43
In the same way, bees perform a complicated dance to communicate the direction and distance of a food source.1:52
While a blowfish blows up like a balloon to scare away predators.2:01
Meanwhile, gorillas stick out their tongues to show anger.2:07
It's not just humans that shake hands when they meet.2:14
Chimpanzees also greet one another by touching hands.2:18
Other animals use the sense of touch in order to show their feelings towards one another, to show affection.2:23
For example, elephants link their trunks together while horses rub noses and giraffes press their necks together.2:31
We've all enjoyed waking up to the lovely sound of birds singing.2:42
But birds are not the only animals that use the sense of sound to communicate.2:47
The world's largest mammal, the whale for example, has a complicated repertoire of low frequency songs to communicate to others where they are and where there is food, sometimes over hundreds of kilometres.2:53
In fact, all sorts of animals use sound to speak in different ways.3:08
Elephants, for instance, trumpet in moments of excitement or danger.3:14
Male grasshoppers rub their hind legs over their wings to attract females.3:19
And snakes and crocodiles hiss loudly to ward off intruders.3:25
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