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5B.0:01
Big Ideas.0:02
Exercise 1, page 90.0:04
Bright sparks.0:17
It isn't just old professors or managing directors with years of experience behind them who have amazing ideas.0:32
Here are 4 ordinary people who are rocking the world with their bright ideas and a lot of hard work.0:41
A. Angela Zhang, scientist, California, USA.0:49
Angela Zhang had enjoyed reading advanced science papers from a young age.0:55
But when she explained to her chemistry teacher that she had been working on a method for curing cancer, her teacher was stunned.1:00
Angela had had the idea of developing a nanoparticle that would deliver drugs to tumors without destroying the surrounding tissue.1:09
She asked if she could do research on her idea in a laboratory at Stanford University.1:19
Angela admitted that she found it all a little bit overwhelming at first.1:25
But then I found that it almost became like a puzzle, being able to decode something, she added.1:30
The results of tests on her discovery have been very promising.1:36
B. Cameron Johnson, entrepreneur, Virginia, USA.1:41
Cameron Johnson was one of the world's most successful teenage entrepreneurs.1:47
Worth a million dollars before he'd even left school.1:52
It all started at 9 years old when he started selling homemade greetings cards to friends and family.1:57
At age 12, Cameron offered to give his sister $100 for her collection of little stuffed animals.2:04
He quickly earned 10 times more by selling them on an auction site.2:12
Not content to stop there, he purchased more of the toys at wholesale prices, reselling them and making $50,000 in less than a year.2:17
After this came an online advertising company followed by another successful online business.2:28
Now Cameron lectures on entrepreneur skills and has even hosted a popular TV series called "Beat the Boss."2:35
Cameron advises young people to put themselves out there.2:43
"Don't be afraid of rejection," he said.2:47
See Emily Cummins, inventor, England.2:51
Emily Cummins had loved making things from scrap materials ever since her grandfather gave her a hammer when she was only 4 years old.2:55
Then one day, Emily came up with a simple yet brilliant idea.3:04
She designed a portable, eco-friendly fridge that had the potential to help thousands of people in the developing world.3:10
The simplest method of cooling something can be seen when you look at how we cool biologically, through sweating or evaporation, Emily said.3:18
So her fridge is made of two cylinders, one inside the other.3:26
As water between the cylinders evaporates in the sun, Heat is removed from the inner cylinder, enabling food to be kept inside at a cool C.3:32
Emily took her design to poor areas of Africa, where people called her the Fridge Lady.3:44
Now Emily gives talks encouraging young people to follow their dreams.3:50
D. Derek Kayongo, community project leader, Uganda.3:57
Has it ever crossed your mind how wasteful it is to use a bar of soap in a hotel only a few times?4:04
Well, while staying in a hotel in the USA, Ugandan Derek Kayongo was very shocked to be told that guests were given new soap every day while 2 million young children were dying every year through lack of hygiene in4:11
the developing world.4:26
This got him thinking.4:28
He wondered if he could recycle the soap for people who needed it.4:30
So in 2009, Derek started asking hotels if they could donate their used bars of soap that would be otherwise put in the bin.4:35
'We sanitise them first,' he explained, 'then heat them at very high temperatures, chill them, and cut them into final bars.'4:44
It's a very simple process, but a lot of hard work.4:53
So far, Derek's Global Soap Project has provided more than 100,000 bars of soap to 9 countries absolutely free.4:57
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