3i curricula geography exercise 1, page 56.0:01
These natural holes in the earth form over thousands or even millions of years.0:34
There are lots of different types of caves, such as ice, sea, limestone, chalk, salt, and even lava caves.0:40
Different caves form in different ways.0:51
For example, limestone caves form as acidic rain dissolves rock.0:54
Sea caves form as ocean waves and heavy rain erode cliffs.1:01
Ice caves form as melting water runs under glaciers or through cracks in the ice.1:07
In many limestone caves, stalactites grow slowly from the ceiling as calcite from dripping water hardens as water drips from them.1:14
Similar formations, called stalagmites, grow up from the floor.1:27
When stalactites and stalagmites meet in the middle, they form columns.1:32
Scientists have discovered over 7700 troglobites so far.1:40
These are unique species of fish, spiders, millipedes, crabs, scorpions, and other creatures that live their whole lives in caves.1:46
They have often adapted to the dark conditions.1:59
Some are blind but have a great sense of smell.2:03
Others survive for a long time, such as the cave crayfish, which can live for 175 years.2:07
Caving is an adventure sport that involves walking, crawling, climbing, abseiling, and even swimming and rafting through caves.2:17
It's popular and a lot of fun.2:27
Клик по слову — перевод и «+ в мои слова» (в любом режиме). Клик по строке или таймкоду — перейти к этому месту записи.