AUDIO SEPIS NUMER TRIZY DVA KUPRAZNINI Look, Martin, I've just seen a new list of the Nobel Prize winners on the Internet and I suddenly realized that I don't know much about Nobel Prizes.0:00
You know a lot more about sizes.0:15
Can you enlighten me?0:17
As far as I know, these prizes are given not only for inventions or discoveries in physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine.0:21
People get the Nobel Prizes for literature and peace.0:30
There's also the Prize in Economic Sciences.0:34
Where does the money for these prizes come from?0:37
It was left by the Swedish engineer, inventor and armaments manufacturer, Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite.0:41
He left nearly $9 million to set up these prizes that now have his name.0:54
What's known about him?1:00
Well, he made a lot of money through his invention of explosive dynamite, the production of which brought Nobel his millions.1:02
He lived alone, avoided other people and was a pacifist.1:10
When did he invent dynamite?1:14
You know, there's a sad side of this invention.1:18
In the 1860s, Alfred Nobel and his father Emmanuel, who was also an inventor, began to produce nitroglycerine in a factory near Stockholm.1:22
An accident in the factory killed five people, including Nobel's younger brother, Emil.1:32
So Alfred began looking for a safer way of dealing with nitroglycerine, invented dynamite and patented it under this name.1:42
Was it his only patent?1:51
A skillful engineer, he introduced more than 350 patents.1:53
It's strange, in my view, that there's no prize for discoveries in mathematics.1:58
As a matter of fact, Nobel established prizes for achievements in only five fields.2:04
Much later, in 1969, the prize in Economic Sciences was introduced.2:10
It's financed by the Central bank of Sweden.2:15
And who makes decisions about the winners?2:19
Winners in physics, chemistry and economic sciences are named by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, those in physiology or medicine by the Caroline Institute, those in literature by the Swedish Academy, and those for contributing to peace by the2:21
Norwegian Nobel Committee.2:38
The Peace Prize is awarded to individuals and to organizations.2:40
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