Audio zepis numer triz et Pieti Koprazhniniu Adin.0:00
Scientists were interested in measuring heat many centuries ago.0:07
But the first step in developing the science of heat was made when the thermometer was invented.0:12
Thermal means heat and meter means measure.0:18
So a thermometer measures heat.0:22
An Italian scientist called Galileo began his experiments in 1592 with 100 years after Columbus discovered America, he made a kind of thermometer, but it was not completely accurate.0:25
The type of the thermometer we use today appeared in the middle of the 17th century.0:38
You might think that something as useful and necessary as soap was one of the first inventions of man.0:47
But soap is quite a modern thing in history.0:53
It only goes back about 2000 years.0:56
What ancient people used to do was to cover their bodies with olive oil.0:59
They also used the juices of various plants to clean themselves.1:05
From the work of Pliny, a Roman writer who lived in the first century before Christ, we know that the Romans used two kinds of soap, soft and hard.1:09
This material to make clothes was invented quite recently and became known to people as nylon.1:23
In 1938, it was entirely man made.1:30
Nylon is made from four common elements, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, which are all found in air, water and coal.1:34
All these four elements are found in nature.1:43
Nylon is strong and elastic and stretches well.1:46
Stockings were invented to cover the legs for protection.1:54
The first stockings were made of leather, but it didn't become common practice to wear them until the beginning of the Christian era.1:58
The first stockings of the kind we wear today began to be used in France.2:05
Then they appeared in England.2:10
In about the year 1565, Queen Elizabeth I received a gift of silk stockings which pleased her greatly.2:12
Those stockings were made in Italy and were very expensive.2:22
Only very rich people could afford them.2:26
It wasn't until the beginning of the 20th century that silk stockings really became available for the average person to wear.2:29
The dream of a flying machine is an old one.2:41
Leonardo da Vinci made drawings for a huge helicopter in about the year 1500.2:44
But he never tried to build one.2:51
At the end of the 18th century, a tyre helicopter known as the Chinese Top was shown in France.2:53
For the next hundred years, a number of people made designs for helicopters.3:01
Some were strange, others almost practical, and only few of them actually flew.3:06
The Russian engineer igor Sikorsky built two helicopters in 1909 and 1910.3:11
Towards the end of 1917, two Austro Hungarian officers built a helicopter too.3:19
Work on helicopters continued in many parts of the world, but none of the machines were what the inventors had hoped for.3:25
In 1940, Igor Sikorsky, who was living in the US at the time, built a successful helicopter.3:33
It was the first practical machine of the kind.3:40
Клик по слову — перевод и «+ в мои слова» (в любом режиме). Клик по строке или таймкоду — перейти к этому месту записи.